Open full size image Introduction Congenital heart disease (CHD) has an incidence of approximately 0.8% or approximately 8 out of every 1000 live births. These defects are derangements secondary to altered embryonic cardiovascular anatomy or the failure of a structure…
Open full size image Introduction Pericardial disease reflects a wide range of clinical presentations and pathologies, from acute pericarditis to cardiac tamponade. Unlike coronary artery disease, heart failure, or valvular heart disease, however, there are few randomized clinical trial data…
Dr. Deepak L. Bhatt discloses the following relationships: Advisory Board : Cardax, Elsevier Practice Update Cardiology, Medscape Cardiology, Regado Biosciences; Board of Directors : Boston VA Research Institute, Society of Cardiovascular Patient Care; Chair : American Heart Association Get With…
Open full size image Dr. Kapur has received preclinical research support from Heartware Inc. and CardiacAssist Inc. and has worked as a speaker and consultant for Maquet and Thoratec Inc. Introduction Heart disease remains the number one cause of mortality…
Open full size image Patent Foramen Ovale Introduction A potential causal relationship between patent foramen ovale (PFO) and stroke was first described by Cohnheim in 1877. In the last two decades several studies have investigated the role of PFO in…
Open full size image Introduction and Epidemiology Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a complex cardiac disorder that has been the subject of intense scrutiny and scientific investigation for the past half century. HCM is a unique cardiac condition that has the…
Open full size image Section I: Mitral Stenosis Introduction Normal Mitral Valve Anatomy To appreciate the complexity of the mitral valve is to understand its intricate anatomical and physiologic properties. The mitral valve can be divided into several components, each…
Open full size image Introduction Balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) was developed as one of the first minimally invasive approaches to treat symptomatic severe aortic stenosis (AS). Alain Cribier first described the procedure in 1986 in a case series of three…
Open full size image Introduction The primary purpose of vascular access is to facilitate hemodialysis for as long as possible at minimal risk of complications. To achieve this goal, vascular surgeons primarily use vascular accesses created from native tissue, but…
Open full size image Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Chronic Venous Disease Chronic venous disease (CVD) is a condition that affects the superficial and deep venous systems resulting in venous hypertension and a cascade of biochemical and vessel wall changes…