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Cancer therapeutic drug guide
Open full size image Cancer drugs are a central part of cancer therapy and knowledge of their use, mode of action, and side effect profile is very important. This chapter is intended to provide an overview and to serve as…
Neoplasms and the heart
Cardiac mass algorithm. (Adapted from Bruce CJ. Cardiac tumours: diagnosis and management. Heart . 2011;97(2):151–60; with permission.) Open full size image KEY POINTS Cardiac masses are uncommon, mostly encountered as an unexpected finding in clinical practice. The first step in…
Carcinoid tumors and carcinoid heart disease
Open full size image KEY POINTS Carcinoid tumors are rare neuroendocrine tumors, arising from the small bowel (75% to 80%) or lung (20% to 30%). Carcinoid tumors secrete biologically active substances, including serotonin, histamine, tachykinins, kallikrein, and prostaglandins and they…
Multiple myeloma and cardiac amyloidosis
Unlike solid tumors, myeloma staging is a composite score based on the four tests: blood albumin, beta-2 microglobulin, lactate dehydrogenate (LDH), and bone marrow Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Stage I is albumin 3.5 g/dL or greater, beta-2 microglobulin is…
Lymphomas
Open full size image Introduction The lymphomas represent 4% of all malignancies. In the 2017 World Health Organization (WHO) classification, there are approximately 106 subtypes of lymphoma ; a simplified overview is presented in Fig. 50.1 . The biology, natural…
Acute and chronic leukemias
Open full size image KEY POINTS Leukemias account for 0.3% to 1.2% of all malignancies with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) being the most common (one-third of all leukemia cases each). Risk factors for leukemias are…
Introduction to the management of soft tissue sarcomas
Open full size image KEY POINTS Sarcomas are an extremely heterogeneous group of mesenchymal cancers accounting for approximately 1% of all adult malignancies. Pathologic diagnosis should rely on specialized expertise of highly skilled pathologists in referral centers. Molecular pathology, including…
Glioblastoma
Open full size image KEY POINTS Primary malignant brain tumors are rare, but glioblastoma is the most common type. Glioblastoma remains one of the deadliest malignancies, with a median overall survival of only 15 to 20 months. Standard treatment includes…
Thyroid cancer
Open full size image Open full size image KEY POINTS Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy accounting for 3% of all newly diagnosed cancers in the United States. The median age of diagnosis is 51 years (SEER statistics).…