5.1 Introduction In 1950, Norman Barrett wrote the paper entitled “Chronic peptic ulcer of the oesophagus and ‘oesophagitis’” where he described a case in which a portion of the stomach was noted to be within the chest . It was…
4.1 Introduction Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is the premalignant lesion for esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC): a malignancy with a very poor prognosis. The progression of BE from benign columnar-lined epithelium (CLE) to adenocarcinoma often occurs through a series of dysplastic stages termed…
3.1 Introduction Barrett’s esophagus (BE) occurs in the setting of chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). It is characterized by conversion of the normal esophageal squamous epithelium into metaplastic columnar epithelium . Since its original description by Tileston et al. there…
2.1 Introduction The first description of Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is attributed to Sir Norman Barrett in 1950 who reported ulcerations in the tubular segment of stomach that had been tethered within the chest by a congenitally short esophagus . By…
1.1 Introduction Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is the presence of metaplastic columnar epithelium in the lower portion of the esophagus, which is normally lined with stratified squamous epithelium. The main cause of the disease is theorized to be reflux esophagitis developed…
15.1 Introduction Endoscopic eradication therapy (EET), either using endoscopic resection (ER) or radiofrequency ablation (RFA), cryoablation, or a combination of resection and ablation, aims not only to completely eliminate Barrett’s esophagus (BE) dysplasia and early neoplasia but also a complete…
14.1 Introduction Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is an acquired condition in which a metaplastic columnar epithelium replaces the stratified squamous epithelium that normally lines the distal esophagus . Metaplasia commonly is a consequence of chronic inflammation, and intestinal metaplasia results from…
13.1 Introduction Earlier chapters in this book describe how ablative therapies have essentially replaced surgery for the management of Barrett’s esophagus (BE) with high-grade dysplasia (HGD). However, resectional therapies, performed either with flexible endoscopy or surgery, are still required for…
12.1 Introduction Endoscopic cryospray ablation or cryotherapy is a unique method of ablation that offers physicians a versatile choice in the treatment of Barrett’s and early esophageal cancer. The concept of endoscopic cryospray ablation began in the late 1990s with…
11.1 Introduction Barrett’s esophagus (BE) occurs when an abnormal, intestinal-type epithelium called “specialized intestinal metaplasia” replaces the stratified squamous epithelium that normally lines the distal esophagus. The condition develops as a consequence of chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease and predisposes to…