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Tables of Normal Values


Physiologic Parameters

Blood Pressure

Fig. B.1, Systolic and diastolic blood pressures plotted for the first 5 days of life, with each day subdivided into 8-hour periods. Infants are categorized by gestational age into 4 groups: ≤28 weeks (n = 33), 29-32 weeks (n = 73), 33-36 weeks (n = 100), and ≥37 weeks (n = 110).

Fig. B.2, Population estimate of blood pressure values by postnatal age in hours. Dashed line represents the blood pressure estimate, whereas the solid line represents the boundaries of the 95% confidence interval. Orange, SBP; blue, MABP; green, DBP. DBP, diastolic blood pressure; MABP, mean arterial blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure.

Fig. B.3, Systolic (A) , diastolic (B) , and mean (C) arterial blood pressure curves over the first 25 hours for extremely preterm infants (n = 367).

TABLE B.1
Blood Pressure Values in Neonatal Period after Two Weeks of Age, by Gestational Age
Modified from Nickavar A and Assadi F. Managing hypertension in newborn infants. Int J Prev Med . 2014;5(Suppl 1):S39-S43.
Gestational Age (weeks) Blood Pressure (mm Hg)
Percentile Systolic Diastolic Mean
26-28 50th 55-60 30-38 38-45
95th 72-75 50-50 57-58
99th 77-80 54-56 63-63
30-32 50th 65-68 40-40 48-48
95th 80-83 55-55 63-64
99th 85-88 60-60 68-69
34-36 50th 70-72 40-50 50-57
95th 85-87 55-65 65-72
99th 90-92 60-70 70-71
38-40 50th 77-80 50-50 59-60
95th 92-95 65-65 74-75
99th 97-100 70-70 79-80
42-44 50th 85-88 50-50 62-63
95th 98-105 65-68 76-80
99th 102-110 70-73 81-85

Intraocular Pressure

Fig. B.4, Intraocular pressure (IOP) measured at different gestational ages (GA) in weeks. OD, right eye; OS, left eye.

Fig. B.5, Changes in mean central corneal thickness (CCT) at different gestational ages (GA) in weeks. OD, right eye; OS, left eye.

Fig. B.6, Correlation between the intraocular pressure (IOP) and central corneal thickness (CCT) in premature low birth weight infants.

Fig. B.7, Correlation between the gestational ages (GA) at first examination and the intraocular pressure (IOP) in premature low birth weight infants.

Time of First Void and Stool

TABLE B.2
Time of First Void in 500 Infants
From Clark DA. Times of first void and first stool in 500 newborns. Pediatrics. 1977;60:457.
Hours 395 Term Infants 80 Preterm Infants 25 Post-term Infants
No. of Infants Cumulative % No. of Infants Cumulative % No. of Infants Cumulative %
In delivery room 51 12.9 17 21.2 3 12
1-8 151 51.1 50 83.7 4 38
9-16 158 91.1 12 98.7 14 84
17-24 35 100 1 100 4 100
>24 0 – 0 – 0 –

TABLE B.3
Time of First Stool in 500 Infants
From Clark DA. Times of first void and first stool in 500 newborns. Pediatrics. 1977;60:457.
Hours 395 Term Infants 80 Preterm Infants 25 Post-term Infants
No. of Infants Cumulative % No. of Infants Cumulative % No. of Infants Cumulative %
In delivery room 66 16.7 4 5 8 32
1-8 169 59.5 22 32.5 9 68
9-16 125 91.1 25 63.8 5 88
17-24 29 98.5 10 76.3 3 100
24-48 6 * 100 18 † 98.8 0 –
>48 0 – 1 ‡ 100 0 –

* At 25, 26, 27, 28, 33, and 37 hours.

† Five infants produced a stool more than 36 hours after birth: at 38, 39, 40, 42, and 47 hours.

‡ At 59 hours.

Fig. B.8, Graphs depicting the cumulative percentage of infants ≥34 weeks’ gestational age who had their first stool (A) or first urine (B) by a certain hour of age (n = 979).

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