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Key Points The main objective of routine midtrimester ultrasonography (US) is to provide accurate diagnostic information for the delivery of optimised antenatal care, including delivery planning. Routine early US is beneficial because of better estimates of gestational age. Routine US…
Introduction Embryologically, the cardiovascular system is the first to develop. The vasculature, composed of endothelial cells and their support cells, is critical not only for circulation of blood, but also for the organization, maintenance, and regeneration of multiple organ systems.…

Introduction Turner syndrome (monosomy X) is characterized by complete or partial loss of the second X chromosome in the female, with or without cell line mosaicism. There are three distinct phenotypes: (1) first trimester abortus (98%), (2) second trimester hydrops…