Aging is a normal physiological process associated with a decline in organ system function. Changes of cardiovascular physiology intertwine with pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although disease should not be misconstrued as an inevitable consequence of aging, distinctions are often…
Revascularization via coronary artery bypass surgery and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains the definitive therapy for patients with refractory ischemic heart disease, particularly when accompanied by left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. In particular, bypass surgery reduces mortality in patients with multivessel…
In 1953, Watson and Crick published their landmark paper on the molecular structure of nucleic acids and a particularly prescient comment was made: “It has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a possible…