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Cavernous malformations (CMs) have long been recognized as one of the major clinicopathologic categories of vascular malformations of the nervous system. CMs have been included in the descriptions of cryptic or occult vascular malformations , a term that has been…
Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) are abnormal arteriovenous shunts within the dural leaflets. DAVFs have similar hemodynamics to brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), with low resistance, high-flow arteriovenous shunting, and a higher annual rupture risk than AVMs. They are usually located within…