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Introduction The term “adult spinal deformity” generally refers to any major coronal, sagittal, or biplane malalignment of the spine in a patient over the age of 18. The revision rate for primary adult deformity surgery patients is approximately 9% to…
Chapter Preview Chapter Synopsis The approach to the anterior cervical spine is one of the most common approaches performed in cervical spine surgery. Because of the vital anatomy near the surgical dissection, potential complications from this approach are severe. Therefore,…