Key Points 1. Cardiac transplant is the definitive treatment of advanced heart failure and has demonstrated improving outcomes and long-term survival. 2. The transplanted heart receives no neural modulatory signal in the posttransplant period and is dependent on filling and…
Key Points 1. Active fixation leads can penetrate through structures (e.g., the thin-walled right atrium) during placement and present as pain, pneumomediastinum, or effusions. 2. Active rate modulation in cardiac implantable electrical devices (CIEDs) may result in heart rate changes…
Key Points 1. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) plays a valuable role in interventional cardiac procedures, when used to guide transseptal puncture, evaluation of left atrial thrombus, closure of paravalvular leaks, transcatheter valve deployment, and during removal of transvenous lead extractions.…