The flaviviruses are single-stranded, enveloped RNA viruses that are transmitted to humans primarily through the bites of arthropods. Although >40 arthropod-borne flaviviruses have been described, this chapter discusses those that are most important in causing human illness: yellow fever virus…
INTRODUCTION Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, is the leading recognized cause of childhood encephalitis in Asia. Although safe and effective vaccines are available, several thousand cases of Japanese encephalitis (JE) are reported annually. Because JE is not under…
Abstract Zika virus (ZIKV) is a flavivirus primarily transmitted to humans by mosquitoes, mainly Aedes aegypti . Other commonly recognized transmission modes include sexual and intrauterine transmission. Following recognition of ZIKV transmission in Africa and Asia during the 1900s, outbreaks…