Historical Introduction to Vaccines At the end of 2019, a novel human pathogen was first identified in China and resulted in a pandemic that posed the greatest infectious threat that humans had encountered in modern times. The virus responsible for…
OUTLINE Epidemiology of Cardiac Injury From COVID-19, 137 History of Cardiovascular Effects From SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV, 138 Pathophysiology and Potential Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Injury From COVID-19, 138 Renin-Angiotensin System, 138 Direct Infection of the Myocardium, 139 Cytokine-Mediated Cardiac Injury, 140…
OUTLINE COVID-19 Manifestations in the Respiratory System, 100 Clinical Presentation, 100 Complications, 101 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, 102 COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, 111 Lung Microbiome and COVID-19, 114 Specific COVID-19 Pulmonary Complications, 115 COVID-19 Long-Term Pulmonary Complications, 116 Treatment…
OUTLINE Short Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 With SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV, 72 Natural History, 73 Incubation Period, 73 Spectrum of COVID-19, 74 Pathogenicity and Virulence, 74 Asymptomatic Disease and Carrier Status, 75 Asymptomatic Patient Trajectories, 75 Symptomatic Patient Trajectories, 76 Demographics, 76…