Summary of Key Points Cervical Cancer An estimated 12,990 new cases of invasive cervical cancer were anticipated in 2016 in the United States, with 4120 deaths projected. Seventy-five percent to 80% are squamous cell carcinomas. Since the advent of cytologic…
Introduction A standardized staging system is fundamental in delivering evidence-based treatment tailored to an individual patient. To determine the extent of a tumor and choose treatment strategies, an accurate staging system is essential. The stage of the tumor is the…
Introduction A pulmonary nodule is defined as a rounded or irregular opacity measuring up to 3 cm in diameter. There are many etiologies, both benign and malignant, of lung nodules ( Table 22.1 ). Some opacities can resemble a nodule but…
Introduction Industrial and technological advancements have made occupational lung diseases a major cause of work-related illness. The pneumoconioses are a set of lung diseases caused by the repeated inhalation and retention of small particles within the lung. The resultant lung…
Introduction For optimal interpretation of imaging studies done after thoracic surgery, it is essential to understand the surgical techniques and the possible complications. The common surgical procedures that are performed in the lung, pleura, mediastinum, and chest wall are discussed…
Introduction Positron emission tomography (PET) has become an important imaging tool in thoracic oncology over the past 10 to 20 years. It has proven its usefulness in the diagnosis of malignancies, initial staging, assessing response to treatment, and posttreatment monitoring…
Introduction This chapter reviews various x-ray–based techniques used in thoracic imaging, including radiography, fluoroscopy, digital tomosynthesis, and computed tomography (CT). Conventional, Computed, and Digital Radiography Merely 1 year after discovery of x-rays by Wilhelm Konrad Roentgen, calcium tungstate was chosen…
▪ Pleural Anatomy The pleura is a stroma supported by the mesothelial lining of the thoracic cavity. It is composed of two layers: an inner visceral pleura and an outer parietal pleura. The visceral pleura lines the lungs and their…
▪ Introductory Considerations Diagnostic imaging is used in the detection of thoracic infections, identifying complications associated with infection, and differentiating noninfectious from infectious diseases. Chest radiography and computed tomography (CT) comprise the primary modalities used in diagnosis, with ultrasound, nuclear…
Air Space Disease Acute Consolidation Air space consolidation results when alveoli are filled with material that attenuates the x-ray beam more than the surrounding lung parenchyma. When encountered in the acute setting, air space consolidation on imaging has a differential…