Knowledge about the management of wounds is a distinct subspecialty requiring knowledge of both normal and nonhealing wound physiology, products to accelerate wound healing, and new therapies for the treatment of recalcitrant wounds. Many subspecialties—such as vascular surgery, plastic surgery,…
A venous leg ulcer is defined as “an open skin lesion of the leg or foot that occurs in an area of venous hypertension.” Venous ulcers are one of the most common chronic vascular diseases: they are estimated to have…
Surgical revascularization for lower extremity arteriosclerotic occlusive disease, manifested by critical limb ischemia (CLI) and life-limiting claudication, has been enhanced by an expanding array of conduit choices. In the absence of a perfect arterial substitute, autologous vein possesses the most…
A diagnosis of an occluded or nearly occluded carotid artery is anxiety provoking for the patient. In these cases, referring physicians often request urgent if not emergent vascular consultation. Because large randomized trials regarding these conditions do not exist, best…
Temporary clamping of the internal carotid during carotid endarterectomy (CEA) interrupts antegrade blood flow to the brain in the distribution of the ipsilateral middle and anterior cerebral artery. The consequence of clamping the internal carotid artery is of critical importance…