Steven M. Falowski Archives

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Spinal Cord Stimulation: Placement of Surgical Leads via Laminotomy: Techniques and Benefits

Introduction Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) provides a nondestructive and adjustable method of providing symptomatic relief of neuropathic pain across several indications. Based on Melzak and Wall’s Gate Control Theory of Pain ( ), electrical stimulation of dorsal column fibers within…

Intraoperative physiology techniques to inform targeting

Background Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been employed for the treatment of intractable pain most commonly for failed back surgery syndrome and complex regional pain syndromes. It is generally accepted that for successful SCS treatment there is the superposition of…

Spinal—extradural neuromodulation

Introduction Neuromodulation and specifically epidural spinal cord stimulation (SCS) represented a fundamental change in the thought process behind pain control given that primarily irreversible ablative procedures had been used historically. The benefits of SCS include being reversible and adjustable. Advances…