Introduction Intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) using pencil beam scanning (PBS) technology has revolutionized the practice of particle therapy in recent years. , In PBS delivery, a particle pencil beam is magnetically scanned in the plane transverse to the beam direction,…
Introduction Radiation therapy, whether used as definitive treatment or as an adjuvant to surgery, is an essential component of treatment for many patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). Both photon (x-ray) therapy and proton therapy are standard forms of…
Introduction Radiotherapy is used as one of the major treatment modalities for patients with malignant diseases at different disease stages. Currently, the most common radiation choice for the majority of cancers is photon (x-ray)-based intensity-modulated external beam radiotherapy. Notably, recent…