The human herpesviruses (HHVs) are categorized into three groups: alpha, beta, and gamma herpesvirinae ( Table 80.1 ). Each virus contains a core of linear double-stranded DNA, an icosahedral capsid 100–110 nm in diameter, and an envelope with glycoprotein spikes on…
Plant Dermatitis Joao Paulo Niemeyer-Corbellini Omar Lupi Laila Klotz Livia Montelo Synonym Plant dermatitis Key Points Plant dermatitis may be produced by different plant species. It is increasing in incidence worldwide. It may be classified as mechanical injury, primary irritant (toxic) dermatitis, allergic phytodermatitis,…
Anthrax Stephen K. Tyring Synonyms Bacillus anthracis toxins Key Points Anthrax is a fatal disease in domestic livestock and in wild herbivores. Humans are usually infected incidentally. Most human disease is cutaneous, followed by oral–oropharyngeal, gastrointestinal, and inhalational. Disease is mediated…
Key Points Fever, history of tick bite / tick exposure. Signs and symptoms are non-specific. Macular or maculopapular rash in approximately 30% of patients with HME; 2–5% in cases of HGA. In HME cases, rash is more frequent in the pediatric population…
Key Point Rickettsiae are obligately intracellular, Gram-negative bacteria that are transmitted when arthropods feed on humans. An important clue to diagnosing rickettsial disease is the eschar that forms at the site of an arthropod bite. First-line therapy for rickettsial infection…
Key Points Environment and genetics may result in an altered clinical presentation of common viruses in the tropics. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) can cause infectious mononucleosis, oral hairy leukoplakia, and chronic active EBV infection. EBV can also cause nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Burkitt's…
Key Points Arenaviruses and hantaviruses are systemic viral diseases that are closely related to hemorrhagic fevers. Both groups of viral hemorrhagic fevers are shed in the infected rodent's saliva, urine, and feces. Ebola infection is the most aggressive viral hemorrhagic…
Introduction With increasing numbers of persons from industrialized, temperate countries traveling and / or working in tropical lands, there is a marked need for physicians to be able to diagnose accurately and treat tropical diseases with mucocutaneous manifestations. While some studies demonstrate…
Evidence Levels: A Double-blind study B Clinical trial ≥ 20 subjects C Clinical trial < 20 subjects D Series ≥ 5 subjects E Anecdotal case reports Open full size image Reactivation of latent varicella zoster virus (VZV) produces the clinical…
Evidence Levels: A Double-blind study B Clinical trial ≥ 20 subjects C Clinical trial < 20 subjects D Series ≥ 5 subjects E Anecdotal case reports Open full size image Herpes genitalis (genital herpes) is a recurrent vesicular eruption of…