Introduction As each day goes by, the medical literature expands almost exponentially, and the literature in organ transplantation is no different. Some 27 million medical articles have been listed on PubMed and there are well over 220,000 articles on organ…
Introduction The enduring techniques of vascular anastomoses described by Alexis Carrel more than a century ago have not changed significantly (see Chapter 1 ). His simple test of satisfactory vascular anastomosis was observation of a viable kidney transplant producing urine…
Introduction When the first renal transplants were being performed in the early 1960s the immunosuppressive properties of corticosteroids were already noted, and steroids were successfully used to reverse episodes of acute rejection. In his 1964 book, Starzl described the use…