Summary and Key Features Permanent fillers comprise mostly synthetic materials that cause collagen deposition via fibroplasia as their mechanism of action. Permanent fillers are better at facial volumizing and deep structural augmentation than at “line filling.” Silicones, polyalkylimides, polyacrylamides, polymethylmethacrylate,…
Summary and Key Features Permanent fillers are materials composed of nonabsorbable or permanent materials. These agents can provide long-lasting results but carry more potential risk. Polymethylmethacrylate and liquid injectable silicone are the only currently available permanent fillers available in the…
Summary and Key Features Radiofrequency microneedling is a minimally invasive modality that creates perforations in the skin and delivers radiofrequency-generated thermal energy into the underlying tissue The perforations created by microneedles improve transcutaneous absorption of topical products and transcutaneous elimination…
Key points Androgenetic alopecia is the most common form of hair loss and is characterized by progressive reduction and miniaturization of terminal hair follicles on the scalp. Although androgenetic alopecia is benign in nature and often considered part of the…