Case Study A 63-year-old man presented with acute onset of shortness of breath. Body surface area (BSA) is 2.04 m 2 with body mass at 199 lb. An echocardiogram was obtained as a stat test. Blood pressure (BP) was 105/65…
Various types of prosthetic heart valves (PHVs) have been available in clinical practice during the past five decades. Tricuspid valve replacement (TVR) is now an uncommon procedure and has been described in fewer than 2% of all valve operations in…
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Many patients are referred to the echocardiography laboratory with complaints of dyspnea. These include patients with normal and depressed left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF). It is important to determine whether symptoms in these patients have a cardiac cause or…
Normal diastole consists of four time intervals: isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT), early diastolic filling (rapid filling or E phase), diastasis, and late diastolic filling (atrial kick or A phase). Left ventricular (LV) diastole conventionally begins with the closure of the…