Access video content for this chapter online at Elsevier eBooks+ Introduction Cleft palate closure has evolved over the past several decades. Successful palatoplasty involves repair of the clefted mucosal layers and re-positioning and approximation of aberrant musculature of the palate.…
Introduction The fellowship or boards of plastic surgery equivalent exams are the final trial by ordeal for most trainees, who will have faced exams over a large portion of their adult lives. Their respective examining boards put together the general…
Embryology Breast development begins at approximately the 5th to 6th embryonic week. It proceeds from a single ectodermal bud and begins developing along the ventral side of the embryo as paired longitudinal bands of thickened ectoderm called milk lines (mammary…
For video accompanying this chapter see ExpertConsult.com . See inside cover for access details. Ear Development The intricate contours of the external ear are attributed to delicate elastic cartilage covered with a thin layer of subcutaneous tissue and skin. The…
For video accompanying this chapter see ExpertConsult.com . See inside cover for access details. Embryology The primary and secondary palates arise from the frontonasal process and palatal processes of the maxilla, respectively, separated by the incisive foramen. From the incisive…
Introduction Vascular anomalies are disorders of the endothelium, which can be subclassified into vascular tumors and vascular malformations, distinguished by proliferating endothelium and quiescent endothelium, respectively ( Table 15.1 ). Vascular anomalies can present in individuals of any age and…
Incidence of Phenotypic Classification Congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN) are present at birth, or very occasionally arise in the first few years of life; tardive CMN. These lesions grow commensurate with the child, but tardive lesions can appear to grow more…