Introduction The fellowship or boards of plastic surgery equivalent exams are the final trial by ordeal for most trainees, who will have faced exams over a large portion of their adult lives. Their respective examining boards put together the general…
For video accompanying this chapter see ExpertConsult.com . See inside cover for access details. Introduction Our face is our most inextricable sense of self. A person’s self-image and self-esteem are powerfully influenced by their appearance. People requesting a facelift are…
For videos accompanying this chapter see ExpertConsult.com . See inside cover for access details. Introduction Vascular surgeons Jacobson and Suarez introduced the microscope to perfect microvascular small vessel anastomosis in 1960, which rapidly led to its application in revascularizing digits…
For video accompanying this chapter see ExpertConsult.com . See inside cover for access details. Introduction Breast augmentation is the most popular esthetic surgery procedure. In the United States 450,000 implants are placed for reconstructive surgery purposes and 5,083,717 for breast…
Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank Associate Professor Michael Leung in the preparation of this chapter. Introduction Defects of the cheek pose a challenge for the reconstructive surgeon. It is a mostly flat and relatively featureless terrain whose superficial…
Introduction The upper aerodigestive (UAD) tract is an intricate maze of alleyways, muscular tubes, and cords that allows humans to have a common functional pathway for oral intake and breathing, as well as harmonizing vibrations into speech. Articulation of speech…