This chapter covers general considerations for ophthalmologic procedures in children, specific anesthetic considerations for the more commonly performed pediatric ophthalmologic procedures, and several unique anesthetic complications that occur in pediatric ophthalmologic procedures. Although the vast majority of children presenting for…
Pediatric neurosurgical patients present a unique set of anesthetic challenges that include treatment of increased intracranial pressure (ICP), the frequent use of lateral and prone positions, and the anesthetic implications of neurophysiologic monitoring. These and other considerations for the neurosurgical…
In this chapter, we review principles of anesthetic management of some common and unique surgical procedures that are within the purview of the general pediatric surgeon. The first section contains a discussion of concerns for intraabdominal procedures, especially in neonates…
Anesthesia for ENT surgery is one of the most challenging because of the frequency of airway obstruction in infants and small children and requisite sharing of the airway that is often at a distance from the anesthesiologist. The trainee must…
Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a serious and possibly fatal syndrome of skeletal muscle hypermetabolism and calcium dysregulation that occurs when genetically susceptible individuals are exposed to certain anesthetic “triggering” agents- the potent halogenated inhaled volatile anesthetics and the nondepolarizing neuromuscular…
Nearly all regional anesthetic blocks in children are performed while they are anesthetized because conscious or sedated children will not cooperate sufficiently to ensure their safety. The main disadvantage of this approach is the theoretical injury of a nerve that…
There are many features of the administration of general anesthesia that differ between children and adults. In this chapter, we discuss those differences, with an emphasis on anesthetic medications and ventilation strategies. We also review the importance of racial disparities…
In this chapter we review principles of pediatric difficult airway management, with a focus on those entities that cause anatomic or functional airway obstruction above the level of the glottis. We consider causes and treatments of anticipated and unanticipated difficult…
General anesthesiologists that occasionally anesthetize children should be intimately familiar with the anatomy of the pediatric upper airway. In this chapter, the pertinent features of the pediatric airway and the correct ways to manage the pediatric airway are detailed. Several…
This chapter reviews the importance of thermoregulation and temperature monitoring in anesthetized children. It addresses the significance of keeping children normothermic and will help the trainee understand why pediatric anesthesiologists become apoplectic when faced with the possibility that the small…