Key Points Most fetuses with a prenatal diagnosis of a congenital abnormality can be managed expectantly. For some conditions, in utero referral is mandatory for planned delivery and management after birth. Fetal surgery is only required for conditions that cannot…
Key Points When a fetal urinary tract anomaly is identified, careful ultrasound examination is required to exclude coexistent anomalies. In the presence of a coexistent anomaly, the risk for aneuploidy and single-gene disorders as an underlying aetiology should be considered…
Introduction Incomplete formation of the fetal diaphragm early in gestation results in a diaphragmatic defect allowing abdominal organs to herniate into the chest. These organs compete for space with the growing lungs, leading to inadequate pulmonary development and to respiratory…
Introduction About 1 in 89 spontaneous conceptions results in the birth of twins. However, with the widespread use of artificial reproductive technologies, the incidence of twinning has increased dramatically worldwide, so that in some countries twins now occur once in…