Neonatal Abstinence (Withdrawal) Scott L. Wexelblatt Keywords benzodiazepine buprenorphine cocaine MAT medication-assisted treatment methadone methamphetamine NAS neonatal abstinence syndrome opioid phenobarbital Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is the clinical diagnosis given to infants who experience withdrawal signs after in utero exposure to…
Anemia in the Newborn Infant Patrick T. McGann Russell E. Ware Keywords ABO incompatibility anemia of prematurity fetomaternal hemorrhage G6PD deficiency hereditary spherocytosis physiologic nadir Anemia is a common laboratory and clinical finding in the newborn period and carries a broad differential…
Meconium Ileus, Peritonitis, and Intestinal Obstruction Juan P. Gurria Rebeccah L. Brown Keywords anorectal plugs cystic fibrosis Gastrografin enema meconium ileus meconium peritonitis meconium plugs Meconium consists of bile salts, bile acids, and debris shed from the intestinal mucosa in the intrauterine…
Disorders of Mitochondrial Fatty Acid β-Oxidation Charles A. Stanley Michael J. Bennett Keywords fatty acid oxidation defects carnitine cycle newborn screening hypoglycemia medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency liver disease cardiomyopathy rhabdomyolysis fasting intolerance mitochondrial metabolism Reye syndrome Mitochondrial β-oxidation of fatty acids is…
Phenylalanine Oleg A. Shchelochkov Charles P. Venditti Keywords phenylalanine phenylketonuria PKU hyperphenylalaninemia phenylalanine hydroxylase tetrahydrobiopterin BH4 Phenylalanine is an essential amino acid. Dietary phenylalanine not utilized for protein synthesis is normally degraded by way of the tyrosine pathway ( Fig. 103.1 ).…
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Composition of Body Fluids Larry A. Greenbaum Keywords total body water fluid compartments edema intracellular fluid extracellular fluid osmolality hyperglycemia pseudohyponatremia point-of-care testing Total Body Water Total body water (TBW) as a percentage of body weight varies with age ( Fig.…
Math Disabilities Kenneth L. Grizzle Keywords dyscalculia math disability Individual with Disabilities Education Act IDEA individualized education plan IEP response to intervention specific learning disorder with impairment in mathematics Data from the U.S. National Center for Educational Statistics for 2009 showed…
Rumination Disorder Chase B. Samsel Heather J. Walter David R. DeMaso Rumination disorder is the repeated regurgitation of food, where the regurgitated food may be rechewed, reswallowed, or spit out, for a period of at least 1 mo following a period of normal functioning.…
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