Definition The morphologically right atrium (RA) opens into both the morphologically right ventricle (RV) and the morphologically left ventricle (LV) via two atrioventricular (AV) valves resulting in double-outlet right atrium (DORA), or via a common AV valve resulting in common-outlet…
Acknowledgment I would like to thank Silvio Litovsky, M.D., for his great help in analyzing the data on which this chapter is based. Definition The anomaly known as common atrioventricular canal (or atrioventricular septal defect) is characterized anatomically by incomplete…
The anomaly now known as juxtaposition of the atrial appendages (JAA) was first described, to the best of our knowledge, by Thore in 1843 in an 11-day-old boy with left-sided JAA. Thore wrote that this neonate had “une anomalie du…
How common are interatrial communications —mostly the theostium secundum type of atrial septal defect and ostium primum type of atrial septal defect ( Figs. 9.1 and 9.2 )? Is atrial septal defect (ASD) a common and therefore statistically important problem,…
Definition The classic form of cor triatriatum (meaning “heart with three atria”) may be defined as a rare cardiac malformation in which the left atrium (LA) is subdivided into dorsal and ventral chambers by a fibromuscular diaphragm, the dorsal (posterior)…
Totally Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection/Drainage Definition Totally anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) is an anomaly in which none of the pulmonary veins connect normally with the morphologically left atrium (LA). TAPVC used to be known as total anomalous pulmonary venous…
We shall begin the specific anomalies section with systemic venous malformations because this book is organized in a venoarterial or blood-flow sequence—segment by segment, alignment by alignment, and connection by connection. The first question we must endeavor to answer is,…
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An understanding of normal morphologic anatomy is basic to the accurate diagnosis of congenital heart disease. One of the diagnostic problems posed by complex congenital heart disease is that any cardiac chamber, valve, or vessel can be virtually “anywhere.” Consequently,…
In the human, an embryo may be defined as the developing organism from fertilization until the end of the second month of gestation, that is, from 0 to 60 days of life. The First Week of Life The salient events…