Ricardo B.V. Fontes Archives

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Intraoperative neuromonitoring and complex spine surgery

28.1 Introduction While surgical interventions upon the spine have been performed since ancient times, there has been an exponential increase in the number of spine surgeries over the past 35 years. There are many reasons for this phenomenon: increasing longevity,…

Cervical Spine Construct Design

Summary of Key Points Spine constructs should be patient- and pathology-specific. Constructs require supplementation with adequate bone grafting to provide long-term stability. Cervical spine constructs may be applied in situations of clinical instability, for maintenance or correction of alignment, or…