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Because of the large variety of human hearts in nature, a standardized approach and nomenclature is needed to understand and describe cardiac anatomy and physiology in the setting of congenital heart disease. The most widely used approach is called the…

Congenital Heart Disease Congenital heart disease (CHD) occurs in approximately 1% of all live births, or 40,000 births annually in the United States. It remains the leading cause of birth defect–associated death in infancy. Approximately 25% of CHD defects are…