Additional videos for this topic are available online at . Indications Medically intractable, generalized atonic seizures. Secondarily generalized seizures without identifiable focus. Medically intractable, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome with multiple seizure types. Severe myoclonic absence seizures. You’re Reading a Preview Become…
Indications When the planned resection site of a tumor is near essential language cortex, intraoperative language mapping is necessary. Occasionally, tumors in or near motor cortex are best removed with intraoperative testing of motor ability during surgery. You’re Reading a…
Indications Invasive monitoring of EEG in patients with medically refractory, focal-onset epilepsy can provide valuable information regarding an epileptogenic zone that is not clearly correlated with seizure symptoms and noninvasive studies, including scalp EEG, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the…
Indications Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy without evidence of neocortical involvement is an indication for selective amygdalohippocampectomy. The decision to proceed with surgery is usually made after medical intractability of epilepsy is established. In many institutions, a paradigm shift toward early…
Indications Medial temporal lobe epilepsy associated with mesial temporal sclerosis pathology consisting of neuronal cell loss, gliosis, and synaptic reorganization. Presumed mesial temporal sclerosis can be determined preoperatively as hippocampal atrophy or increased hippocampal fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) signal…
Indications Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Deep-seated and lobar hematomas with suspected underlying hypertension or cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Moderate-sized and large hematomas (> 20 mL). Normal coagulation parameters (international normalized ratio [INR] < 1.3, prothrombin time < 14, and partial thromboplastin…
Additional videos for this topic are available online at . Indications Symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) causing progressive neurologic symptoms or impending cerebral herniation syndromes is best managed with open evacuation, especially in younger patients. ICH that is associated with…
The authors wish to thank Takanori Fukushima for work on the previous edition’s version of this chapter. Additional videos for this topic are available online at . Indications Despite advances in endovascular neurosurgery, cerebral bypass operations remain essential components…
Indications Atherosclerotic carotid artery occlusion with hemodynamic insufficiency in patients that have suffered symptomatic ischemia despite best medical therapy. In nonselected patient populations, a multicenter randomized controlled trial showed no benefit of superficial temporal artery–middle cerebral artery (STA–MCA) bypass for…
Indications Cavernous malformations are angiographically occult vascular malformations that typically come to clinical attention because of seizures or acute hemorrhage. With widespread use of noninvasive imaging, many cavernous malformations are now being diagnosed incidentally. Surgery is recommended in symptomatic patients…