Introduction Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by abnormal cholesterol synthesis. SLOS was originally named RSH syndrome, derived from the surnames of the first three families identified with this disorder. SLOS is characterized by growth failure, cognitive…
Introduction Noonan syndrome (NS), first described by Dr. Jacqueline Noonan in 1968, is a disorder characterized by facial dysmorphisms, cardiovascular defects primarily consisting of pulmonary stenosis, short stature, and variable developmental delay. In addition, affected individuals often display pectus excavatum…
Introduction Meckel-Gruber syndrome, also known as Meckel syndrome or Gruber syndrome, is a severe ciliopathy. This developmental disorder was first described by Meckel in 1822 and later by Gruber in 1934. The minimum diagnostic criteria are controversial because the clinical…
Introduction Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS), also known as Brachmann-de Lange or de Lange syndrome, is a condition characterized by mental retardation, craniofacial dysmorphism, prenatal and postnatal growth failure, hirsutism, and upper limb abnormalities. Other defects occasionally associated with CdLS…