Background Present Practice There are several well-described approaches for interbody fusion, and these include posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF), transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF), lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF), and anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF). More recently, the oblique lumbar…
Introduction Degenerative disease of the lumbar spine has increased with the aging population and the number of elective lumbar spinal surgeries has also increased. Concurrently, the number of revision lumbar spinal surgeries has also increased as patients experience recurrence of…
Summary of Key Points The minimally invasive spinal deformity 2 algorithm guides patient selection for a minimally invasive surgery (MIS) procedure or an open deformity correction operation. Meticulous preoperative assessment of the patient’s spinopelvic parameters and the amount of correction…
Summary of Key Points Surgical correction of deformity in the cervicothoracic junction (CTJ) can be challenging; anterior approaches, in particular, are complicated by the complex anatomy of this region. Anterior approaches to the CTJ require careful clinical and radiographic evaluation,…
Summary of Key Points Posterior cervical instrumentation is effective in stabilizing the subaxial cervical spine. Acceptable choices of instrumentation include lateral mass screw fixation and cervical pedicle screws. Careful preoperative planning with an understanding of patient-specific anatomy and instrumentation options…
Summary of Key Points Neuromuscular disorders are an important and common cause of spinal deformity in the child and in the adult. Recognition of a neuromuscular etiology of spinal deformity is important for understanding the natural history of the deformity,…