Tumor-Like Lesions of the Fallopian Tube Inflammatory Lesions Usual Bacterial Salpingitis ( Figs. 11.1–11.6 ) ■ Bacterial salpingitis, an important cause of infertility, is usually a result of ascending sexually transmitted infections ( Neisseria gonorrhoeae , Chlamydia trachomatis , mycoplasma).…
Trophoblastic Lesions ■ The WHO classification of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) and the TNM and FIGO classifications of gestational trophoblastic tumors are presented in Tables 10.1–10.4 . Table 10.1 Types of gestational trophoblastic disease With villi Hydatidiform mole Complete mole…
Smooth Muscle Tumors Leiomyoma, Usual Type Clinical features ▪ Leiomyomas are the most common uterine tumor, being found in up to 75% of hysterectomy specimens. They are most common in the fourth and fifth decades; only about a third of…
Endometrial Hyperplasia Classification ▪ The 2014 WHO/ISGyP simplified the classification of hyperplasias to: Hyperplasia without atypia. Atypical hyperplasia (AH). Atypia refers only to cellular atypia. The traditional distinction between simple and complex endometrial hyperplasia is no longer included as it…
▪ Various non-neoplastic endometrial lesions, as well as normal and artifactual findings, can be problematic for the pathologist, especially their distinction from precancerous endometrial lesions and carcinomas. ▪ Table 7.1 groups the findings according to the subtype of endometrial carcinoma…
Preinvasive Glandular Lesions and Early Invasive Adenocarcinomas Adenocarcinoma in situ Clinical features ■ Adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), like its invasive counterpart, has increased in incidence over the past 30 years. The median and mean patient ages are in the fourth…
Precursors Classification ▪ The classifications used for precursors of cervical invasive squamous cell carcinoma (ISqCC), in order of their historical development, are: (1) dysplasia/carcinoma in situ (CIS); (2) cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN); and (3) squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) (Bethesda; CAP-ASCCP…
Tumor-Like Lesions Metaplasias and Ectopias Squamous Metaplasia ( Figs. 4.1 – 4.2 ) ■ This normal process within the transitional zone of postpubertal women results in the replacement of endocervical surface and glandular epithelium by squamous epithelium, resulting in a…
Tumor-Like and Inflammatory Lesions Condyloma Acuminatum ▪ These resemble their vulvar counterparts ( Chapter 1 ) except for a more frequent occurrence of flat condylomas and those with a ‘spiked’ surface due to asperities or minute surface projections that contain…
Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Its Precursors Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia (VIN) Terminology ■ The main types of VIN – usual VIN (uVIN) and differentiated VIN (dVIN) – each have distinctive clinical and pathologic features. This terminology has been incorporated into the…