Genesis Coronal craniosynostosis is the second most common type of craniosynostosis, accounting for 20% to 30% of cases. Constraint-induced unilateral coronal craniosynostosis can be secondary to early descent of the fetal head into a constraining position or aberrant fetal lie…
Genesis Early descent of the fetal head into the maternal pelvis (as early as 4 to 6 weeks before delivery) with fetal head entrapment that results in biparietal constraint is considered the most common cause of sagittal craniostenosis. This mode…
Genesis The term craniostenosis (literally translating as “cranial narrowing”) is used to describe the abnormal head shape that results from premature fusion of one or more sutures, whereas craniosynostosis is the process of premature sutural fusion that results in craniostenosis.…
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Genesis Brachycephaly translates literally to “short head” and refers to a head that is shortened in the anteroposterior dimension and wide between the biparietal eminences when viewed from above. The most frequent cause of brachycephaly is constant supine positioning during…
Genesis The postmortem diagnosis of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) was introduced midway through the twentieth century, but its association with infant sleeping position was not established until the 1990s. Sudden infant death syndrome is considered to have a multifactorial…
Genesis Plagiocephaly , which literally translates from the Greek term plagio kephale as “oblique head,” is a term used to describe asymmetry of the head shape when viewed from the top ( Fig. 25-1 ). It is a nonspecific term…
Genesis The term torticollis is derived from the Latin terms torus , meaning “twisted,” and collum , meaning “neck,” and it refers to the posture that results from the head being twisted and turned to one side. This is most…
Genesis Congenital compression of the chin against either the chest or intrauterine structures may limit the growth of the jaw before birth, and when asymmetric, jaw retrusion is more commonly left-sided ( Fig. 23-1 ). If the compression is of…
Genesis Overfolding of the upper helix and/or other parts of the cartilaginous auricle are common constraint-related deformations, as is flattening of the ear against the head ( Figs. 22-1 and 22-2 ). Prolonged constraint of the external ear may also…