Genesis Wormian bones are accessory bones that occur within cranial suture lines, and, although they do not cause any impairment themselves, their significance is variable. The prevalence varies by size and quantity. Individuals with few and small (less than 4 mm)…
Genesis Cephalohematoma is a common problem occurring in about 2.5% of newborns. It is a subperiosteal extracranial hemorrhage that may enlarge after delivery, sometimes taking weeks to resolve. This condition contrasts with the scalp edema of caput succedaneum, which reaches…
Genesis Aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) is a congenital, localized absence of skin that most commonly affects the scalp. The frequency is 1 per 3000 live births and this condition can occur in isolation or as part of a heterogeneous group…
Genesis Parietal foramina are a rare calvarial defect estimated to be less than 1 in 25,000 births. They present as symmetric oval defects situated on either side of the sagittal suture near the parietal eminences and separated from each other…
Genesis On very rare occasions, the anterior fontanel will ossify into a bony plate that may be slightly elevated in relation to the rest of the cranium. This may occur because of decreased growth-stretch tensile forces across the anterior fontanel…
Genesis Prolonged forceful pressure on the presenting part, usually at the vertex affecting the superior portions of the parietal bones, may result in diminished mineralization within the compressed region. The calvarium is generated from the underlying dura mater, and persistent…
Genesis Vertex birth molding describes the mechanical changes in fetal head shape caused by external compression on the cranium from bony adjustments within the cranial vault that occur as the neonate in vertex presentation passes through the birth canal. Additional…
Genesis Constraint as the cause of multiple sutural synostosis (sagittal, metopic, coronal, and/or lambdoid) is unusual and may only result from a profound degree of prenatal head constraint. The complete restoration of normal form after early and effective surgery is…
Genesis Lambdoidal craniosynostosis occurs in approximately 1 in 40,000 births and accounts for 2% to 4% of all cases of craniosynostosis. Previously, misdiagnosis of nonsynostotic deformational posterior plagiocephaly with occipital flattening as lambdoidal craniosynostosis resulted in apparent epidemics of craniosynostosis,…
Genesis Metopic synostosis occurs in about 0.67 to 14 per 10,000 births. It accounts for 10% to 20% of patients, making it the third most common type of craniosynostosis in the clinic. It is characterized by trigonocephaly, lateral supraorbital retrusion,…