Introduction (pearls) Laser treatments are some of the most effective and minimally invasive options for removing unwanted hair and ablating veins. Lasers function based on the principle of selective photothermolysis, in which the pigment in the hair (melanin) or in…
Summary and Key Features There are a multitude of factors that contribute to skin aging, including volume loss, dyspigmentation, fine wrinkles, and changes in skin texture. A multifaceted approach targeting the various aspects of aging is often required to effectively…
Introduction There are approximately 1.4 million self-identifying transgender individuals in the United States as of the year 2016. Many of these individuals suffer from gender dysphoria, a condition of psychological distress described by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental…
Summary and Key Features The most common techniques for filler injection include linear threading, bolus, serial puncture, fanning, and cross-hatching. A combination of techniques, as well as layering of various techniques and fillers, is often employed to address both volume…
Summary and Key Features Intrinsic and extrinsic factors contribute to the appearance of aging skin. Vertical lip lines or perioral rhytides contribute to the aged appearance of the perioral area and are a significant cosmetic concern for patients. Women exhibit…
Summary and Key Features Attractiveness appreciation is an innate human skill involving all the senses. Volume is important in many of the indicators of youth, maturity, attractiveness, symmetry, and gender differentiation. Bone and dentition resorb with age. Most major retaining…
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Summary and Key Features Given the dramatic rise of obesity and the obsession with losing weight and improving appearance, the treatment of fat and cellulite is a common cosmetic issue. Excess fat and cellulite are distinct entities. Cellulite is best…
Key points Patients with androgenetic alopecia and other types of alopecia may turn to hair prosthetics when other medical and procedural interventions have been aesthetically unsatisfying and hair loss negatively affects their quality of life. When recommending a wig style…
Summary and key features Botox® (onabotulinumtoxinA), Dysport® (abobotulinumtoxinA), Xeomin® (incobotulinumtoxinA), and Jeuveau® (prabotulinumtoxinA) are the four currently commercially available formulations of botulinum toxin type A in the United States. Although all four formulations are approved by the United Stated Food…