In contradistinction to a split-thickness or full-thickness skin graft, a flap receives its blood supply independent of the underlying bed on which it is laid. An axial-pattern flap derives its blood supply through an inflow artery and an outflow vein,…
Synopsis ■ Upper extremity ischemia is caused by many etiologies and may be classified into acute and chronic cases. ■ A precise understanding of arterial anatomy is pertinent to preoperative diagnosis, patient selection, and operative procedure. ■ A history of…
Synopsis ■ A tendon transfer is a reconstructive technique in which the tendon of a functioning muscle is detached, mobilized, and then reattached to another tendon or tendons of a non-functioning muscle, or into bone, to substitute for the action…