Management of benign biliary strictures, whether surgical, percutaneous-transhepatic, or by endoscopic means, is difficult. These lesions are formed of cicatricial fibrosis and are recalcitrant to many minimally invasive techniques. They can be a contributing factor to recurrent cholangitis, hepatic segmental…
Acknowledgments The authors wish to acknowledge authors Ali Albayati, Emily M. Tanski, and Emily J. Timmreck, who contributed to this chapter in the second edition. Although relatively uncommon, male varicocele often affects otherwise healthy men with symptoms such as pain…
Acknowledgments The authors wish to acknowledge Kiang Hiong Tay, who contributed to this chapter in the previous edition. Peripartum hemorrhage (PPH) is reported as the most common maternal morbidity in developed countries and a major cause of death worldwide. Globally,…