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1. How is sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) defined? SA-AKI is characterized by the simultaneous presence of AKI (based on a consensus definition such as the Acute Kidney Injury Network [AKIN] or Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes [KDIGO] criteria; see…
Pathogenesis The pathogenesis of metabolic alkalosis requires two processes: (1) generation and (2) maintenance. Generation occurs by net gain of bicarbonate ions (HCO3 − ) or net loss of nonvolatile acid (usually HCl by vomiting) from the extracellular fluid. Although…