Introduction Primary neoplastic lesions of the kidney can be divided according to the age groups of affected patients. Renal tumors in children generally resemble the nephrogenic tissues of embryogenesis and include nephroblastoma (Wilms tumor) and clear cell sarcoma. Renal cell…
Introduction Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is clinically and genetically heterogeneous and is the most common heritable kidney disease. PKD can be inherited either in a dominant or recessive pattern. Cystic kidney disease is a common feature of ciliopathies and is…
Introduction Evaluation of the renal morphology in allograft patients is used to answer two major questions: Is the failure of the graft caused by rejection or some other unrelated lesion? And if rejection is present, what immune mechanism(s) is (are)…
Introduction Chronic or end-stage kidney disease can result from widely divergent causes, such as glomerular, vascular, and tubulointerstitial diseases. The use of the formulaic estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is now a standard practice, and this has resulted in the…
Introduction Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide public health problem affecting approximately 10% to 13% of the population in developed countries, where diabetes mellitus and hypertension are the leading causes of CKD. In developing countries, the percentage of patients…
Introduction The tubulointerstitial compartment is affected in all forms of renal disease with changes that include tubular epithelial injury, atrophy, hypertrophy/hyperplasia, and fibrosis. These changes can be primary, with the tubule and interstitium as the target of damage, but they…
Diabetic nephropathy The classic patient with diabetic nephropathy (DN) typically presented with gradual progression of disease from microalbuminuria to proteinuria, usually about 15 years after onset of diabetes. Renal lesions are quite similar in type I and type II diabetes…
Primary glomerular diseases Glomerular diseases that cause nephrotic syndrome: Nonimmune complex Minimal change disease and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: Introduction Minimal change disease (MCD) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) both typically present as nephrotic syndrome and cannot be readily distinguished based…
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