Acknowledgments The authors acknowledge Gregory Welyczko of GE Healthcare (retired), Stanley Weitzner, MD, and Mark Graber of GE Healthcare (retired) for their contributions to the anesthesia equipment standards in Table 27.8 . Overview It was once possible to practice “safe”…
Acknowledgments We would like to thank the following individuals for their feedback on the Cybersecurity section: Anura Fernando, Julian Goldman, MD, Andy Levi, Ben Ransford, PhD, and Yi Zhang, PhD. Perspective Failure of the anesthesia delivery system alone is a…
Overview The capnograph functions in many respects as an “electronic stethoscope” that shows the cyclic appearance and disappearance of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ): a cycle is present when the lungs are being ventilated and is absent or disappears when…
Overview The gases of interest to the anesthesia caregiver include oxygen (O 2 ), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), nitrous oxide (N 2 O), and the potent volatile inhaled anesthetic agents of which desflurane, sevoflurane, and isoflurane are in common…