This chapter includes an accompanying lecture presentation that has been prepared by the authors: Video 54.1 . Key Concepts Surgical site infections are frequently encountered and cause significant morbidity, placing an enormous financial burden on the health care system and…
Introduction Sciatica and back pain are two of the most common reasons for referral to spine specialists and are a leading cause of physical disability in the United States. Sciatica is characterized by radiating pain in an area of the…
Introduction Thoracic disc herniation (HTD) was first described by Key in 1838 and has since proven to be challenging to both diagnose and treat properly. The surgical management of HTDs has evolved over the past 50 years. Symptomatic HTD is…
Summary of Key Points Thoracoscopic access to the anterior thoracic spine should be considered as a minimally invasive alternative to traditional open and mini-open procedures. Thoracoscopy can be used along the entire thoracic spine (T1 to T12) and can be…