Introduction Ischemic stroke presents several opportunities for medical intervention, distinguished by their relative timing: 1. primary prevention of a stroke; 2. control of tissue damage in the acute ischemic stroke setting; 3. secondary prevention following a transient ischemic attack (TIA)…
Frequency and Pathogenesis Nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF) is a potent predictor of first and recurrent stroke, affecting more than 2.7 million Americans. An estimated 14–38% of patients with ischemic stroke have AF . The frequency of ischemic stroke events in…
Background Cardiac surgery has undergone a rapid and extraordinary development since mid-1940s. Many operations that were once considered experimental are now commonplace, with thousands of open heart procedures performed annually in the United States. At present, an estimated 1 million…
As cancer and stroke are the second and fifth leading causes of mortality in the United States, it is not surprising to encounter a patient with these concomitant diagnoses . Various cerebrovascular disorders can occur within the oncological population, complicating…
Introduction Migraine headache is both a prevalent and potentially debilitating condition attributed to both environmental and hereditary factors. It is associated with significant comorbidities including depression, dysautonomia, cognitive dysfunction, vertigo, and stroke. Migraine accounts for approximately one-third of neurologic disease…
Introduction There are various types of stroke in children, including arterial ischemic strokes, venous infarctions due to venous sinus thrombosis, intracerebral hemorrhages, and subarachnoid hemorrhages. Stroke is a relatively rare occurrence in children, but can lead to significant morbidity and…
Introduction Ischemic stroke etiologies can be classified into thrombotic, embolic, or cerebral infarcts secondary to systemic hypoperfusion. Aortic arch disease has been a subject of study for many years as a potential source of embolic stroke and is common in…
Overview Globally, stroke is the fifth leading cause of death in Western countries after cancer and heart disease. There are several ways in which stroke and heart disease interrelate . Cardiogenic stroke occurs when (1) clots embolize from the heart…