Introduction The systematic study of spinal systems and their transmitter biology has shown them to play a defining role in the encoding of afferent input and the tuning of autonomic and somatomotor outflow. Studies on the pharmacology of these spinal…
Introduction Algorithms provide a set of general rules or instructions to solve a specific problem in a particular instance. In contrast to mathematical or engineering algorithms, where a rigid workflow provides a precise prediction, medical algorithms for appropriate interventions for…
Introduction The prevalence of chronic pain in the United States is variable; however, the burden is substantial and continues to grow. Chronic pain is defined as pain that lasts longer than 3 months or past the time of normal tissue…