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Types of Heart Failure Heart failure (HF) is a multisystemic disorder characterized by profound disturbances in circulatory physiology and a plethora of myocardial structural and functional changes that adversely affect the systolic pumping capacity and diastolic filling of the heart.…

Acknowledgments This work was supported by grants from the NIH (HL-075173, JAH; HL-080144, JAH; HL-090842, JAH), AHA (0640084 N, JAH; 12POST9030041, PKB; 10POST4320009, ZVW), ADA mentor-based postdoctoral fellowship (7-08-MN-21-ADA, JAH and PKB), the AHA-Jon Holden DeHaan Foundation (0970518 N, JAH).…