Definition The enteroviruses belong to the genus Enterovirus in the family Picornaviridae. With the advent of molecular virology, the more than 110 recognized strains are classified on the basis of phylogenetic analysis of the nucleic acid sequence of VP1, which…
Historical Background The initial two serotypes of the genus Parechovirus were isolated in 1956 from children with diarrhea. On the basis of the scheme used at that time for the classification of the enteroviruses, they were classified as echovirus (E)…
This chapter covers human disease caused by the group A coxsackieviruses (CVs), group B CVs, echoviruses (Es), and the numbered enteroviruses (EVs), which are distributed among four species, EV-A to EV-D, of the genus Enterovirus. Viral diseases caused by the…
Revised February 13, 2021 Polioviruses are the cause of poliomyelitis, a systemic viral infection that predominantly affects the central nervous system (CNS), causing paralysis. The name of the disease ( polios, “gray”; myelos, “marrow” or “spinal cord”), now commonly shortened…
Members of the genera Enterovirus and Parechovirus are picornaviruses. Picornaviridae is a large family of morphologically identical, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses that share similar genomic and structural organizations. Originally the human enteroviruses were divided into five species on the basis…
The term acute aseptic meningitis (AM) was introduced in 1925 to describe a self-limited central nervous system (CNS) syndrome characterized by acute onset of fever and meningeal irritation in which the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) exhibited a mononuclear pleocytosis and was…