General Considerations Demographics It is widely accepted that the average life expectancy continues to increase; as it does, the proportion of older adults in the population also increases. In Western industrialized countries, the average life expectancy increased from 47 years…
Introduction The treatment of the significant Hill-Sachs lesion (HSL) continues to evolve. One option that has gained popularity is a transfer of the infraspinatus/posterior capsule directly into the Hill-Sachs defect. Originally described by Connolly in 1972 as an open procedure,…
Introduction Pathology involving the superior labrum presents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for the arthroscopic surgeon. First described by Andrews and colleagues in 1985, Snyder later classified lesions of the superior labrum into four types and coined the term SLAP…
The shoulder is unique in that it is the most mobile joint in the human body. It serves primarily to position the hand in space and thus requires a delicate balance of stability and flexibility to accomplish its function. The…
Introduction Definition The term multidirectional instability (MDI) was first described by Neer and Foster in their preliminary report in 1980, when they reported the results of open inferior capsular shift as a treatment for this condition. A few years later,…
OVERVIEW Chapter synopsis The disabled throwing shoulder remains a unique surgical challenge. Few other shoulder conditions so blur the line between pathology and adaptive change. Our understanding of the underlying pathology continues to evolve, with the theories of internal impingement…