Tag John E. Tetzlaff

Risk Risk factors determined by spinal level Cervical spine: C3 and C4 most common; 10% of degenerative disk disease Thoracic: uncommon; can be related to trauma or tumor; 0.2–1.8% of disk disease Lumbar; very common; 85–90% of disk disease; third…

Risk 1:2000 incidence in Caucasians; rare in non-Caucasians M:F 10:1; more severe in males 18-50% incidence in Native Americans Perioperative Risks Difficult airway and atlantoaxial instability “Bamboo spine” with potential for fracture during airway manipulation Rigid chest with difficult ventilation…