Summary and Key Features Permanent fillers comprise mostly synthetic materials that cause collagen deposition via fibroplasia as their mechanism of action. Permanent fillers are better at facial volumizing and deep structural augmentation than at “line filling.” Silicones, polyalkylimides, polyacrylamides, polymethylmethacrylate,…
Summary and Key Features There are a multitude of factors that contribute to skin aging, including volume loss, dyspigmentation, fine wrinkles, and changes in skin texture. A multifaceted approach targeting the various aspects of aging is often required to effectively…
Summary and Key Features The most common techniques for filler injection include linear threading, bolus, serial puncture, fanning, and cross-hatching. A combination of techniques, as well as layering of various techniques and fillers, is often employed to address both volume…
Summary and Key Features The earlobe is a site of adornment and a reflection of beauty across world cultures. With increasing interest in facial and neck rejuvenation, the earlobes have emerged as a site of cosmetic concern. Like other sun-exposed…
Summary and Key Features Intrinsic and extrinsic factors contribute to the appearance of aging skin. Vertical lip lines or perioral rhytides contribute to the aged appearance of the perioral area and are a significant cosmetic concern for patients. Women exhibit…
Summary and Key Features Permanent fillers are materials composed of nonabsorbable or permanent materials. These agents can provide long-lasting results but carry more potential risk. Polymethylmethacrylate and liquid injectable silicone are the only currently available permanent fillers available in the…
Summary and Key Features Nonablative fractional resurfacing (NAFR) is a safe and effective treatment that has become the cornerstone for facial rejuvenation and acne scarring. It is effective in treating a variety of conditions, including scarring, mild-to-moderate photoaging, and some…
Summary and Key Features Laser is an acronym that stands for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Laser light is a concentrated beam of electromagnetic radiation that travels at a single wavelength. The therapeutic value of a laser rests…
Key points Several laser and light-based therapies, including low-level laser/light therapy, excimer laser, monochromatic excimer light, narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy, and fractional laser, have been studied for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. Most research has focused on low-level laser/light therapy,…
Summary and key features Treatment of crow’s feet with botulinum toxin is safe and effective. Preoperative assessment of the periocular region, including analysis of dynamic and static rhytides, lower lid laxity, and upper lid ptosis, can improve the precision and…