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Background Craniofacial injuries are ideally treated in the acute setting. In certain circumstances, it is appropriate for treatment to be delayed. Resuscitation and treatment of life-threatening injuries in multiple trauma victims may preclude facial trauma treatment. For example, the treatment…

Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank Kurt Smith and eppstein uhen architects in Madison and Milwaukee, Wisconsin, for their generous donation of time and expertise to the composition of this chapter. Non–operating room anesthesia (NORA) services are being increasingly…