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Key concepts in the management of a critically ill patient with valvular heart disease are the use of echocardiography to provide an accurate diagnosis of disease severity and the appropriate use of invasive hemodynamic monitoring to optimize loading conditions. Physical…
Key points Aortic stenosis is an active, progressive disease that involves inflammatory and bone mineralization pathways. The stages of aortic stenosis combine hemodynamic assessment, anatomic findings, symptomatic status, and ejection fraction measurements to help categorize management strategies. Echocardiography is the…