Key Concepts Many neurosurgical disorders affect the afferent visual system, efferent visual system, or both. Consequently, neuro-ophthalmic symptoms and signs can be the presenting feature of the disorder or the most sensitive measure for detecting progression or recurrence. Papilledema refers…
Olfactory Nerve (Cranial Nerve I) See Chapter 19 . Optic Nerve (Cranial Nerve II) See Chapter 16, Chapter 43 . Oculomotor Nerve (Cranial Nerve III) Anatomy Paired oculomotor nuclei are located in the dorsal midbrain ventral to the periaqueductal gray…
General Principles of Ocular Motor Control I do not know of any kind of work better fitted for correcting loose habits of observation and careless thinking than a study of the ocular motor nerves. John Hughlings Jackson, 1877 This chapter…
Pupillary Abnormalities Pupil Anatomy and Neural Control The size of the pupil is determined by the balance of action between two muscles embedded in the iris: the sphincter pupillae, under parasympathetic control, and the dilator pupillae, under sympathetic control. The…